The earliest record of speech synthesis dates back to 18 century. However, it was with the advent of computer age that speech recognition became a viable option. Speech is essentially an easy and efficient means information exchange among humans. Thus establishing a capability for understanding and synthesis of speech in machines, also known as Speech Processing TECHNOLOGY (SPT), would speed up and facilitate information input. SPT is composed of three separate categories of Speech Recognition TECHNOLOGY, Speech Synthesis TECHNOLOGY) and Speech Encoding. While traditionally it has been easier to synthesis speech than recognition, the current speech synthesis systems use standard phonetics for any given language. The present paper while providing a capsule summary of various techniques involved in SPT, would primarily focus on its application within a library environment. SPT could be used for reciting of printed texts, e-mail, newscasts and documents. It provides a tremendous potential for empowering the handicapped patrons, especially in making search results available in form of a talking list. SPT also has application in dictation, document generation, navigation, multi-media indexing and speech translation. It could also be deployed within traditional library technical services, such as inventory control, cataloging, and database searching. The main drawback is the low quality of speech generated, its susceptibility to ambient noise level, audio signal degeneration, etc.

This article is about the problems and common interests, which exist among different kinds of LIBRARIES. Describes values of LIBRARIES and introduces eight values for standard of assessing LIBRARIES: stewardship, services, intellectual freedom, privacy, and rationalism, commitment to literacy and learning, equity of access to record knowledge and information, and democracy. Although most of services and programs are changing and will be changed by the use TECHNOLOGY in LIBRARIES at present and future, the values of LIBRARIES will remain the same forever.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from TECHNOLOGY has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science and TECHNOLOGY, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and TECHNOLOGY continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and TECHNOLOGY were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the status of information TECHNOLOGY in public LIBRARIES located at Markazi Province.Methodology: The approach of the study is analytical survey method. To gather needed data a questionnaire was utilized. In relation to determining the sample size necessary decisions were made. For testing research hypotheses, the Mann–Whitney U test and spearman's correlation coefficient were used.Findings: All of the LIBRARIES had computer, printer, modem, speaker, Namay-e software, National Bibliography CD, and access to high speed internet connection. Also, none of them had electronic resources and websites. 48.3% of staff used electronic resources and internet for providing document delivery service. The most important problem hindering the use of information TECHNOLOGY was shortage in the number of computers based on staff and users' view.Conclusion: The application of information TECHNOLOGY in Markazi Province LIBRARIES has been developed. In spite of adequate software-hardware equipments and skillful staff, the number of computers should be increased and more training courses are required.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-TECHNOLOGY and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Purpose: Due to the importance of information TECHNOLOGY and its effect on the LIBRARIES, this study examines to find out the using rate of information TECHNOLOGY in the LIBRARIES of Tabriz University (12 LIBRARIES) and to what extent the problems are in using them. The research method is descriptive survey.Methodology: Data needed for research is collected through questionnaires distributed among the people responsible for these LIBRARIES.Findings: Results showed that the most and the least used hardware facilities were computers (227) and opaque projectors (1). Internet access facilities in Tabriz University LIBRARIES are given as follows: search engines (12 LIBRARIES), E-mails (7 LIBRARIES), weblogs, new groups and conferences (5 LIBRARIES), chat rooms (3 LIBRARIES), and discussion groups (2 LIBRARIES). Document delivery services ( 2 LIBRARIES). Services of Selective Dissemination of Information, Electronic Message Board, and Online Catalog in 2 LIBRARIES, and Current Awareness Services in 3 LIBRARIES are given.conclusions: The obstacles for using information TECHNOLOGY in these LIBRARIES include: Cost of contact to the data bases, lack of familiarity in using such resources by users, not having enough trained staff to help in using information TECHNOLOGY (9 LIBRARIES), lack of support from officials (8 LIBRARIES), not having enough knowledge of English language, hardware and software problems (7 LIBRARIES), Internet access difficulties (5 LIBRARIES), and lack of electronic resources (3 LIBRARIES).

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine index of information TECHNOLOGY maturity in the university LIBRARIES of Iran, and evaluation of Tehran University LIBRARIES using this index.Method: The methods conducted in this research were documentary research, Delphi method and survey. “Nolan Model” was used to determine index. A questionnaire based on the model was prepared and the degree of importance of each one of the elements of the index was determined by Delphi panel consisted of specialists of library and information science. Findings: 88 indice were determined for maturity of information TECHNOLOGY in the Iranian university LIBRARIES consisted of four dimensions of: “Application portfolio, Users, Resources, and Management”.Conclusions: The index for maturity of information TECHNOLOGY which determined and introduced in this research are management tools that can be used by the university LIBRARIES for assessing their status in terms of maturity of information TECHNOLOGY.

Purpose: This study aims to compare LIBRARIES of the country’s Science and TECHNOLOGY parks with the Standards for Iran’s Special LIBRARIES.Methodology: The method used is descriptive survey. The data resulted from questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16). Descriptive statistics techniques were applied.Findings: Library of Isfahan Science and TECHNOLOGY Town with total average of 70.66% and Library of Yazd Province Park with 30.41% are at the highest and lowest level of conformity with the standards. Also, the mentioned LIBRARIES are in accordance with Standards for Iran’s Special LIBRARIES considering goals and tasks (50.85%), organization and management (64.28%), personnel (47.14%), collection (59.76%), resource organization (50%), services (58.71%), construction and equipment (30.12%) and budget (32.68%).Conclusion: 49.19% of LIBRARIES of the country's Science and TECHNOLOGY Parks are in accordance with Standards of Iran’s Special LIBRARIES, indicating their low level with regard to the standards.

Purpose: This study aims to do an investigation into the level of information TECHNOLOGY application in academic LIBRARIES located in Zanjan.Methodology: The research method used descriptive survey. The research society includes 19 Zanjan academic LIBRARIES.Findings: The most hardware facilities in the library include computer, printer, speakers, CD writer, the phone and most software facilities are the comprehensive software library and instructional CDs. The highest use of electronic resources in the LIBRARIES was related to the electronic CD (52.6%) and electronic journals (42.1%). The most usage of information TECHNOLOGY (IT) has been observed in two parts of cataloging and information services (64.7%).Conclusion: Generally, information TECHNOLOGY equipment and facilities have been used in the LIBRARIES at low level, and also the level of application of information TECHNOLOGY in Zanjan academic LIBRARIES is under 50%.